Key Takeaways
- WLTP range figures typically overestimate real-world range by about 20-30%
- Several factors, such as battery health, driving style, terrain and UK weather significantly impact range performance
- Practical tips can help maximise your EV's actual range
Introduction: The Truth About EV Range
As electric vehicles become increasingly common on UK roads, one question continues to dominate conversations: "How far can an electric car truly travel on a single charge?"
While manufacturers proudly cite WLTP (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure) figures in their marketing materials, our experience from analysing thousands of journeys across various countries has consistently shown that real-world range often differs. This matter isn't necessarily deceptive from the manufacturers, but simply reflects the limitations of standardised testing procedures compared to the diverse conditions we face on British roads.
Regardless of whether you're considering a Tesla, Hyundai, or something from the Audi electric car range, understanding the factors that affect real-world range is essential for making an informed decision to avoid range anxiety.
What does Real-World Range mean?
Real-world range refers to the actual distance an electric vehicle can travel on a full charge under typical driving conditions. Unlike laboratory-derived WLTP estimates, real-world range accounts for the variables we encounter in everyday driving.
In our extensive testing across the UK, we’ve found that WLTP figures typically overestimate real-world range by 20-30% (this can be case dependent).The discrepancy stems from several key factors:
- Driving style: Aggressive acceleration drains the battery faster, while smooth driving with proper use of regenerative braking recovers energy and extends range.
- Climate conditions: The UK's notoriously cold and damp winters can reduce battery efficiency by up to 40% as the heating system can draw significant power. The WLTP test is carried out without any cabin heating or cooling.
- Terrain variations: From the rolling hills of the Cotswolds to the steep inclines of the Scottish Highlands, our diverse topography demands varying amounts of power. The WLTP test is carried out on flat rolling roads. Think of them like treadmills for cars.
- Vehicle load: Additional passengers, luggage, or equipment increases weight and can reduce efficiency.
- Aerodynamic factors: Roof boxes, bike racks, or even driving with windows open creates drag that impacts range. Wheel design also plays a critical role; open, complex wheel designs disrupt airflow, while streamlined options (e.g., Tesla’s Model 3 Aero covers) improve efficiency. ClearWatt’s testing shows aerodynamic wheels can boost highway range by up to 4%.
- Battery degradation: The gradual loss of battery capacity over time means older EVs experience larger range drops.
Battery Health and Efficiency
Having monitored thousands of EVs through our tests, we've observed that battery degradation occurs through two primary mechanisms:
- Calendar ageing: The natural decline in capacity that occurs over time, regardless of usage
- Cyclic ageing: Wear that results from charging and discharging cycles
Fast charging, while convenient, generates significant heat that can accelerate degradation. The following practices can help to preserve battery health:
- Charge to 80% for daily use rather than 100%
- Minimise fast charging sessions when possible
- Use ClearWatt's EV Health Test app to monitor battery efficiency and range in different conditions
Climate Considerations
The UK's climate presents specific challenges for EV owners:
Our test results show winter driving can reduce range by up to 40% in comparison to summer driving, particularly in northern regions. We've found that preconditioning the battery while connected to an electric vehicle charger can mitigate these losses significantly.
Models equipped with EV heat pumps, such as some vehicles in the Audi electric car range (e.g., Q4 e-tron), demonstrate better cold-weather efficiency. Heat pumps significantly reduce energy consumption by efficiently transferring heat from one location to another rather than relying solely on battery power for generating heat, resulting in better range performance in winter conditions.
Wheel Choices: Balancing Aesthetics and Efficiency
Electric vehicles prioritise efficiency, but factors like wheel size and design significantly impact their driving range. Larger wheels or less aerodynamic designs can diminish range by elevating rolling resistance, adding weight, and increasing air drag.
For instance, Jaguar’s I-PACE loses up to 34 miles of range when fitted with 22-inch wheels versus 18-inch options due to added weight, increased tire friction, and aerodynamic disruption. Conversely, Tesla’s Model 3 demonstrates how design optimisations (like its detachable Aero wheel covers) can reclaim 4% range at highway speeds. ClearWatt’s EV Health Test app helps drivers quantify these trade-offs, using global data to reveal how specific wheel fitments impact real-world range.
Real-World Range Estimates for Popular UK EVs
Based on our extensive testing and data collection from UK drivers, here are more accurate range expectations from our EV Explorer:
Practical Tips to Maximise Your EV's Range
Through years of testing and data analysis, here are some suggested strategies to help owners maximise their EV's potential:
Drive Efficiently
- Utilise regenerative braking to recapture energy
- Maintain steady speeds rather than rapid acceleration and braking
- On motorways, reducing speed, for instance from 70mph to 65mph can extend range
Optimise Battery Usage
- Prioritise slow charging over fast charging for daily needs
- Keep the battery between 20% and 80% for optimal longevity
Maintain Vehicle Components
- Check electric vehicle tyres monthly for proper pressure
- Remove roof racks or boxes when not in use
The Role of Charging Infrastructure
The UK's rapidly expanding network of electric vehicle chargers supports long journeys and reduces range anxiety.
While rapid chargers offering fast charging are convenient for longer trips, our battery degradation data suggest that frequent use of high-power chargers may accelerate capacity loss. Balancing convenience with battery health by using home charging for daily needs and fast chargers primarily for longer journeys can be helpful.
Conclusion: Making Informed Decisions
For UK drivers, understanding real-world range is essential for successful EV ownership. Even in the same make and model, factors like aerodynamics, wheel size, vehicle load, and battery health may significantly influence your experience.
Some last recommendations:
- Prioritising real-world data over WLTP claims when evaluating potential purchases
- Testing vehicles in conditions similar to your typical usage patterns
- Download our app and run a ClearWatt Battery Health Test to monitor health over time
- Using route planners to factor in the UK's climate and terrain when estimating range needs
With proper knowledge and realistic expectations, ownership of new or second-hand electric vehicles can provide a satisfying, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly driving experience that meets the needs of most UK drivers.
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Reviewed on: 19th May 2025 | Next review scheduled: 19th November 2025
